Following the defeat of Antony at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, Octavian became the emperor of Rome, now a republic in name only. Around this time, Tiridates II of Parthia briefly overthrew Phraates IV, who was able to quickly reestablish his rule with the aid of Scythian nomads.[89] Tiridates fled to the Romans, taking one of Phraates' sons with him. In negotiations conducted in 20 BC, Phraates arranged for the release of his kidnapped son. In return, the Romans received the lost legionary standards taken at Carrhae in 53 BC, as well as any surviving prisoners of war.[90] The Parthians viewed this exchange as a small price to pay to regain the prince.[91] Octavian, now named Augustus (r. 27 BC – 14 AD) by the Roman Senate, hailed the return of the standards as a political victory over Parthia; this propaganda was celebrated in the minting of new coins, the building of a new temple to house the standards, and even in fine art such as the breastplate scene on his statue Augustus of Prima Porta.[92]
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